Source: The post is based on the article “Redouble efforts to reduce disaster risks” published in “The Hindu” on 11th September 2023.
Syllabus: GS3- Disaster and disaster management
Redoubling Efforts for Disaster Risk Reduction: A Global and Indian Perspective
The world is witnessing an alarming rise in disasters fueled by climate change. Floods, wildfires, and extreme weather events are becoming increasingly frequent and intense, disproportionately impacting vulnerable nations who contribute the least to the problem.
The World at Risk: A Complex Confluence
- Persistent Challenges: The lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing conflicts, mounting debt, and food insecurity, have created a complex web of challenges.
- Climate Crisis: The escalating climate crisis is the driving force behind the surge in extreme weather events, from devastating floods in China to raging wildfires in Europe and Hawaii. July 2023 was recorded as the hottest month ever.
- Vulnerability and Inequality: The countries least responsible for climate change are bearing the brunt of its devastating impacts. The 50 most climate-vulnerable countries are also grappling with significant debt burdens, further exacerbating their vulnerability.
- India's Experience: India, despite its significant progress in disaster preparedness, remains one of the world's most disaster-prone countries. In 2022, India experienced weather-related disasters on an almost daily basis, highlighting the urgent need for continued efforts in disaster risk reduction.
India's Multi-pronged Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
- Comprehensive Disaster Management Plans: All 28 states in India have formulated their own disaster management plans, demonstrating a proactive and decentralized approach to DRR.
- Significant Reduction in Mortality: India's early warning system for cyclones, covering the entire coastline, has led to a remarkable 90% decrease in cyclone-related deaths over 15 years. Similarly, local heat wave action plans have resulted in over a 90% reduction in heat wave fatalities.
- Effective Preparedness and Response: The recent Cyclone Biparjoy in Gujarat serves as a testament to India's improved preparedness. The cyclone resulted in zero casualties, and proactive measures were taken to ensure the safety of pregnant women, who were moved to safe locations before the cyclone hit.
- Financial Commitment: The 15th Finance Commission allocated a substantial $28.6 billion for disaster readiness and capacity development over five years, underscoring India's financial commitment to DRR.
- Global Leadership: India is actively promoting the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure on the global stage and has introduced the first-ever work stream on disaster risk reduction during its G20 presidency.
Commentary on India's DRR Efforts
India's proactive and multi-faceted approach to DRR is commendable. The significant reduction in mortality rates from cyclones and heat waves showcases the effectiveness of early warning systems and targeted action plans. The successful management of Cyclone Biparjoy further highlights India's improved preparedness and response capabilities. India's financial commitment to DRR and its leadership in global initiatives demonstrate its dedication to building a more disaster-resilient future.
Global Efforts and the Way Forward
- Frameworks and Agreements: The SDGs, Paris Agreement, and Sendai Framework provide a global roadmap for DRR. However, eight years into the Sendai Framework, there is an urgent need to accelerate efforts.
- Learnings from COVID-19: The pandemic underscored the critical importance of system-wide DRR and resilience. Innovations like India's CoWIN digital vaccine system emerged as valuable tools in crisis management.
- Early Warning Systems for All: A UN-led initiative, with India's strong support, aims to establish a global multi-risk warning system. Currently, over a third of the global population lacks access to early warning systems, highlighting the urgent need to bridge this gap.
- Data and Knowledge Sharing: India's G20 presidency has been recognized for its advancements in knowledge sharing, joint data infrastructure, and risk analysis, contributing to a more informed and collaborative approach to DRR.
The Path Ahead: Key Priorities
- Mainstreaming DRR: Integrating disaster risk assessment into construction, investment, and lifestyle choices is crucial for building resilience at all levels.
- Universal Early Warning Systems: Achieving the goal of a global multi-hazard early warning system requires concerted efforts and investment.
- Enhanced Data Capabilities: Strengthening global data resources will enable better prediction and response to emerging risks.
- Leaving No One Behind: International cooperation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery must prioritize the needs of vulnerable countries in the Global South.
- Leveraging G20 Outcomes: The outcomes of the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group should be utilized to shape a future that is better equipped to manage disaster risks.
Conclusion
The increasing frequency and intensity of disasters underscore the urgent need for strengthened global and national efforts in disaster risk reduction. India's experience and leadership in DRR offer valuable lessons and inspiration for the world. By working together and prioritizing resilience, we can create a safer and more sustainable future for all.